Which of the Following Congenital Defects Is a Common Cause

question 25

Multiple Choice

Which of the following congenital defects is a common cause of cystitis in young children?

• A) Polycystic kidney
• B) Horseshoe kidney
• C) Hypoplasia of the kidney
• D) Vesicoureteral reflux

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Definitions:

African American Child

A child of African descent growing up in the United States, facing unique cultural, societal, and developmental experiences.

Heritability Ratio

A statistic that estimates the proportion of observed variance in a particular trait among individuals in a population that can be attributed to genetic differences.

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

The social standing or class of an individual or group, often measured as a combination of education, income, and occupation.

Cognitive Abilities

refer to the brain-based skills we need to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex.