A 55-Year-Old Presents Reporting Urinary Retention

question 11

Multiple Choice

A 55-year-old presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is a common cause of urinary obstruction?

• A) Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
• B) Formation of renal calculi
• C) Glomerulonephritis
• D) Increased bladder compliance

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Definitions:

Linkage Disequilibrium

The non-random association of alleles at different loci in a given population, often due to physical proximity on a chromosome or selection pressure.

Allele

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Locus

A specific location or position on a chromosome where a gene or genetic marker is situated.

Corolla Flare

The outward spreading or expansion of the petals in a flower's corolla, contributing to its visual appeal and pollinator attraction.