In Developing a Personal Theory of Counseling, Self-Awareness and Knowledge

question 7

Multiple Choice

In developing a personal theory of counseling, self-awareness and knowledge are:

• A) irrelevant and obsolete.
• B) essential as a foundation.
• C) the only valid basis for omitting other theories.
• D) a poor substitute for a sound theoretical base.

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Definitions:

Departmentalization

The method of dividing an organization into distinct departments or units, each specializing in a particular function or area of operation.

Machine Bureaucracy

A highly structured, formal organization model, optimized for efficiency and characterized by a clear hierarchy, division of labor, and a focus on routine, repetitive tasks.

Simple Structure

An organizational design characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization.

Adhocracy

An organizational structure characterized by flexibility, employee empowerment, and an emphasis on innovation and problem-solving rather than hierarchy and strict procedures.