What is happening during the phase labeled B? 
Definitions:
Two-tail Test
A statistical test where the critical area of a distribution is two-sided and tests whether a sample is greater than or less than a certain range of values.
Sample Variances
A measure of the dispersion or variability within a sample data set, calculated as the sum of squared deviations from the mean, divided by the number of observations minus one.
Sample Sizes
The number of observations or datapoints collected in a sample, which can affect the accuracy and reliability of statistical analyses.
Rejection Region
The range of values for which the null hypothesis is not considered probable and therefore rejected in hypothesis testing.
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