When Changes in X Tend to Produce Changes in Y

question 86

Multiple Choice

When changes in X tend to produce changes in Y, this is called:

• A) Perfect causality
• B) A post hoc fallacy
• C) A spurious relationship
• D) Probabilistic causation

---

Definitions:

Substance Abuse

The dangerous or damaging consumption of mind-altering substances, such as alcohol and illegal drugs.

Physical Activity

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure, including activities undertaken while working, playing, traveling, or engaging in recreational pursuits.

Risky Behaviors

Actions that increase the likelihood of negative consequences, such as harm to physical health or legal problems, including smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

Perceived Behavioral Control

Someone's assurance in their own skill to perform tasks needed for specific achievement levels.