Additive and Interactive Effects Are Potential Threats to Validity in Which

question 111

Multiple Choice

Additive and interactive effects are potential threats to validity in which design?

• A) One-group posttest only design
• B) One-group pretest-posttest design
• C) Repeated measures design
• D) Posttest only design with nonequivalent groups

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Definitions:

Deviant Identity

The self-conception and social identity of an individual who is seen as deviating from the norms or values of society, often resulting in stigma or social exclusion.

Incapacitation

An approach to punishment that seeks to protect society from criminals by imprisoning or executing them.

Criminal Justice

The system of laws, law enforcement, courts, and corrections designed to deter and punish crime and protect society.

Execution

The act of carrying out a plan, order, or course of action, often used in the context of performing tasks or legal penalties.