A Researcher Does a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Study Where She Examines

question 86

Multiple Choice

A researcher does a one-group pretest-posttest study where she examines the effects of a reading program on children's reading comprehension level. She finds that the students' scores at the end of the school year are higher than at the beginning of the school year. She attributes the changes to the reading program. Her colleague argues you would expect that the children would improve anyway from the beginning of the year to the end of the year. Her colleague is arguing that the results are potentially due to:

• A) History effect
• B) Multiple-treatment interference
• C) Testing effect
• D) Maturation effect

---

Definitions:

Immediate Contexts

The direct environment or setting in which individuals find themselves, influencing behavior and perception on a daily level.

Analytic Intelligence

The ability to analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast information.

Adulthood

The period in human life when an individual is considered mature, typically involving responsibilities and independence.

Selective Optimization

A strategy involving making the most out of available resources by focusing on limited areas for potential improvement or development.