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When Scores Improve Simply Due to Having Taken a Pretest

question 82

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When scores improve simply due to having taken a pretest, this threat to validity is called:


Definitions:

Variables Manipulation

Refers to the process of adjusting or changing variables in an experiment to determine their effects on outcomes.

Nature-Nurture Debate

A discussion regarding the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development.

Heredity

The genetic transmission of traits, characteristics, and diseases from parents to their offspring, a fundamental principle of genetics.

Environmental Influences

The sum of external factors, from childhood through adulthood, impacting an individual's physical well-being, lifestyle choices, and psychological states.

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