To Infer Causality, Three Conditions Must Be Met

question 60

Multiple Choice

To infer causality, three conditions must be met. One of them is that:

• A) X and Y occur at the same time.
• B) X is not related to Y.
• C) Confounding variables can be ruled out as causes.
• D) Manipulating one variable does not influence another variable.

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Definitions:

Emergency Contraception

A method used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or a known or suspected contraceptive failure.

Levonorgestrel (LNG-EC)

A hormonal medication used as emergency contraception to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure.

Ulipristal Acetate (UPA-EC)

A medication used for emergency contraception to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or failure of other birth control methods.

Adoption Services

Organizations or agencies that facilitate the placement of children into permanent homes with adoptive families, providing support and legal services.