Systematic (I.e., Non-Random) Error Is Associated With

question 86

Multiple Choice

Systematic (i.e., non-random) error is associated with:

• A) Reliability problems
• B) Validity problems
• C) Homogeneous test items
• D) None of the above

---

Definitions:

Upper Respiratory Infection

An infection that occurs in the upper part of the respiratory tract, such as the nose, throat, and bronchi.

Contaminated Objects

Items that have been exposed to harmful substances or pathogens.

Respiratory Droplets

Tiny particles produced from the respiratory tract during coughing, sneezing, or talking that can transmit infections.

Viruses

Very simple, frequently pathogenic, microorganisms capable of replicating within living cells.