Why Are Reliability and Validity Threats to the Accuracy of Measures

question 14

Essay

Why are reliability and validity threats to the accuracy of measures? In your answer please define both terms.

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Definitions:

Negative Externalities

Costs incurred by third parties not involved in the transaction or decision-making process, typically resulting from production or consumption activities.

Positive Externalities

Benefits that occur to third parties as a result of an economic activity, which are not accounted for in the market price.

Perfect Knowledge

A theoretical scenario where all consumers and producers have complete and accurate information about prices and products in the market.

Inelastic Demand

When the quantity demanded of a good or service changes very little with a change in price, showing low sensitivity.