Briefly Define the Four Marketing Concepts

question 134

Essay

Briefly define the four marketing concepts.

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Definitions:

Herzberg's Theory

A motivation theory which suggests that there are certain factors that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, famously divided into 'hygiene' and 'motivator' factors.

Higher-Order Needs

These are advanced human needs as outlined in Maslow's hierarchy, including esteem and self-actualization needs, which are fulfilled after basic physical and security needs.

Negative Instrumentality

The perception that effort will not lead to the desired performance or reward outcomes.

Expectancy Theory

A hypothesis in motivational theory stating that the strength of an individual's motivation to perform a particular action is determined by their expectation that the action will lead to a specific outcome and the value they place on that outcome.