The Molecular Clock Has Been Useful to Determine the Phylogenetic

question 14

Multiple Choice

The molecular clock has been useful to determine the phylogenetic relationships of species based on the assumption that

• A) a species lineage accumulates genetic differences over time at a constant rate.
• B) only some species are genetically related.
• C) DNA is preserved unchanged over long periods of time.
• D) species adapt at specific rates.

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Definitions:

Regression Toward the Mean

A statistical phenomenon where extreme scores on a variable tend to be closer to the mean upon subsequent measurements.

One-group Pretest-posttest Design

An experimental design where a single group of participants is tested before and after an intervention to assess its effect.

Extreme Scores

Extreme scores refer to the most unusually high or low values in a data set, which can significantly influence statistical analyses and interpretations.

Selection Differences

Disparities between groups in an experimental study that can affect the outcome, often resulting from non-random assignment.