To Establish the Defence of 'Qualified Privilege' to the Tort

question 4

Multiple Choice

To establish the defence of 'qualified privilege' to the tort of defamation, the defendant must prove:

• A)The statement was not motivated by malice and the defendant had a duty to make the statement to a person who had a corresponding duty to receive it.
• B)The statement was made during parliament or judicial proceedings.
• C)The defamatory statement had one or more other meanings that were substantially true and the defamatory meaning did not harm the reputation of the plaintiff because of the substantial truth of the other meanings.
• D)The defamatory statement was substantially true.

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Definitions:

Ability-to-Pay Principle

A taxation principle that suggests taxes should be levied based on the taxpayer's ability to pay, implying that those with higher incomes should pay more taxes.

Progressive Tax

A tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable income or wealth increases, meaning higher earners pay a larger percentage of their income than lower earners.

Regressive Tax

A tax system where the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases, placing a heavier burden on lower-income earners.

Market Activity

The collective buying and selling of goods and services, including financial transactions, in an economy.