Lauren, Sarah, and Jennifer Are Students in Dr

question 22

Essay

Lauren, Sarah, and Jennifer are students in Dr. Shaffer's Research Methods class. For a class assignment, they are asked to devise an operational definition for romantic attachment, or love. Lauren decides to ask a group of married couples to report if they are in love with their spouse (1 indicates "Yes, I am in love" and 2 indicates "No, I am not in love"). Sarah decides to watch couples sitting on campus and measure how close they sit together, assuming that people who sit closer together are more in love. Jennifer decides to recruit a group of newlyweds and measure the change in heart rate that occurs between the start of the study (when the person is alone) and the moment they see their spouse walk into the room.
For each student described above, indicate whether the operational definition of her variable is self-reported, observational, or physiological.

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Definitions:

Responsive Parenting

A child-rearing approach focusing on being sensitive and responsive to a child's emotional and developmental needs.

Secure Attachment

A form of attachment characterized by a strong emotional bond between a child and caregiver, leading to feelings of safety, reliability, and trust.

Insecure Attachment

is a type of attachment characterized by anxiety or avoidance in relationships, often resulting from inconsistent or neglectful caregiving in early life.

Academic Achievement

The extent of a student's success in meeting short or long-term educational goals, often measured by grades or standardized test scores.