RESEARCH STUDY 10

question 19

Essay

RESEARCH STUDY 10.3: Dr.Phillips is a cognitive-developmental psychologist who studies how children learn mathematical principles.His current interest is in studying how children learn multiplication.He recruits 54 second-graders who have not yet learned how to multiply numbers to participate in his study.He is curious as to whether different teaching styles lead to better mastery of the subject.One condition (A) involves having students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook.One condition (B) involves having students watch a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication.One condition (C) involves having students being taught multiplication by a teacher.One condition (D) involves having students being taught multiplication by a fourth-grader.In all conditions, participants spend 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication and are then given the same 15-question multiplication test.The number of questions answered correctly is recorded.The data are below. Name two ways that Dr.Phillips could avoid selection threat when he is assigning participants to conditions and explain why each of these methods avoids selection threat.

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Definitions:

Stepparent

An individual who is married to a biological parent of a child but is not the child's biological mother or father.

Previous Marriage

A marital union that has been legally dissolved through divorce or annulled, before entering into a subsequent marriage.

Cautionary Information

Warnings or advice regarding potential risks or dangers, often intended to guide behavior or decision-making in a way that minimizes harm.

Intimate Violence

Acts of physical, sexual, or emotional abuse that occur within intimate relationships, often leading to significant psychological and physical harm.