RESEARCH STUDY 10

question 19

Essay

RESEARCH STUDY 10.3: Dr.Phillips is a cognitive-developmental psychologist who studies how children learn mathematical principles.His current interest is in studying how children learn multiplication.He recruits 54 second-graders who have not yet learned how to multiply numbers to participate in his study.He is curious as to whether different teaching styles lead to better mastery of the subject.One condition (A) involves having students read a chapter on multiplication from their textbook.One condition (B) involves having students watch a video of cartoon characters explaining multiplication.One condition (C) involves having students being taught multiplication by a teacher.One condition (D) involves having students being taught multiplication by a fourth-grader.In all conditions, participants spend 30 minutes learning the fundamentals of multiplication and are then given the same 15-question multiplication test.The number of questions answered correctly is recorded.The data are below. Name two ways that Dr.Phillips could avoid selection threat when he is assigning participants to conditions and explain why each of these methods avoids selection threat.

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Definitions:

Psychedelic

Refers to substances that produce altered states of perception and consciousness, often used in the context of certain drugs.

Marijuana

A psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant, used for medical or recreational purposes.

Circadian Rhythm

The natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours.

Circadian Rhythms

Biological processes that display an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours, affecting sleep patterns, hormone release, and other bodily functions.