In Previous Studies, Dr

question 29

Multiple Choice

In previous studies, Dr. Schulenberg has established that finding meaning in one's everyday work activities can lead to greater success in the workplace (e.g., productivity, creativity) . He is curious as to whether this can happen in the college classroom. Specifically, he is curious whether finding meaning in one's classroom experience can lead to greater academic performance. In the spring semester, he has his teaching assistant randomly assign half the class to write a paragraph each class period about how the material has meaning for their lives (meaning group) . The other half writes a paragraph about what they did to prepare for class (preparation group) . He does not know which of his students are writing which paragraph, and the students are not aware they are responding to different writing assignments. To measure academic performance, he gives the students a midterm essay exam and a final exam.
Imagine that in Dr. Schulenberg's study, he notes that all of the students do extremely well on the midterm exam. When he looks at the results of the final exam, he notices that all the students' exam scores went down. Which of the following pattern of results would suggest that there is a threat to internal validity?

• A)The final exam scores were lower in the preparation group than the meaning group.
• B)The final exam scores were equally low in both groups.
• C)The final exam scores were lower than the national average.
• D)The final exam scores were lower than the final exam scores of students of his colleague, Dr. Fao.

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Definitions:

Government Purchases

Expenditures made by the government sector on goods and services to fulfill its various functions and responsibilities.

Transfer Payments

Payments made by governments to individuals without requiring any goods or services in return, such as welfare or social security.

Goods and Services

The output of an economy's business activities, encompassing tangible products (goods) and intangible offerings (services).

Progressivity

Refers to the degree to which a tax system taxes higher incomes at higher rates.