RESEARCH STUDY 12

question 6

Multiple Choice

RESEARCH STUDY 12.1: Dr.Elder was interested in the way people recognize objects as members of categories.For example, what makes us recognize a dog as being a dog and not a cat? More specifically, he was curious as to whether people think about categories in a more complex way if they contemplate an "opposite" category first.For example, does a person think differently about the category of "southern" if they first think about the category of "northern"? He is also curious as to whether people categorize differently if they are exposed to category members compared with generating category members.Dr.Elder has four groups of participants (with 30 people in each group) .In Group A, participants were told to cut out pictures of dogs and cats from magazines.In Group B, participants were told to cut out pictures of just dogs from magazines.In Group C, participants were told to draw pictures of cats and dogs.In Group D, participants were told to draw pictures of just dogs.After doing this for 30 minutes, participants in all groups were asked to list the attributes that define the "dog" category.Having a higher number of attributes listed was considered to be an indication of thinking about the category in a more complex way.The results of his study are below. How many participant variables exist in Dr.Elder's study?

Definitions:

Variable Costing

An accounting method that only includes variable costs (costs that vary with production levels) in product costs and treats fixed costs as period costs expensed in the period incurred.

Manufacturing Margin

The difference between the sales revenues generated from manufactured goods and the cost of goods sold, indicating the profitability of production.

Contribution Margin

The difference between the sales revenue generated from a product or service and the variable costs associated with its production and sales.

Variable Costing

A costing method that includes only variable manufacturing costs—direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead—in the cost of goods sold and excludes fixed manufacturing overhead.