Define Top-Down and Bottom-Up Budgeting

question 33

Essay

Define top-down and bottom-up budgeting.

---

Definitions:

Internalization

The process of integrating beliefs, values, standards, or norms into one's own cognitive structure, often influencing behavior.

Identification

Refers to the process by which individuals associate themselves with particular groups, causing those groups' values and norms to become integrated into their own self-concept.

Socialization

The process by which individuals learn and adopt the values, behaviors, and norms of a society or group.

Attitudes

An individual's settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically reflected in their behavior.