A Vertical Tube That Is Closed at the Upper End

question 27

Essay

A vertical tube that is closed at the upper end and open at the lower end contains an air pocket. The open end of the tube is under the water of a lake, as shown in the figure. When the lower end of the tube is just under the surface of the lake, where the temperature is 37°C and the pressure is 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa, the air pocket occupies a volume of . Suppose now that the lower end of the tube is at a depth of 86 m in the lake, where the temperature is 7.0°C. What is the volume of the air pocket under these conditions? The density of the water in the lake is 1000 kg/m³.

---

Definitions:

Break-Even Point

The financial state where a company's total revenues equal its total costs, resulting in neither profit nor loss.

Variable Costs

Costs that fluctuate in direct proportion to changes in production or sales volume, such as raw materials and labor.

CVP Income Statement

A financial document that applies Cost-Volume-Profit analysis to delineate how changes in cost and volume affect a company's operating income and net income.

Variable Expenses

Costs that change in proportion to the activity of a business.