Is Fiscal Policy More or Less Effective in Manipulating Aggregate

question 109

Essay

Is fiscal policy more or less effective in manipulating aggregate demand in an open economy?

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Definitions:

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.

Mean-Variance Criterion

An investment principle where portfolios are selected based on their expected returns (mean) and the variability of those returns (variance), aiming to optimize the trade-off between risk and return.

Expected Return

The average return on an investment anticipated over a specified period based on historical or estimated future performance.

Variance

A statistical measure of the dispersion of a set of data points or portfolio returns, indicating how much the values differ from the average.