Which One of the Following Reflects the Use of a Grade-Equivalent

question 2

Multiple Choice

Which one of the following reflects the use of a grade-equivalent score?

• A)Ms. Eskers's fifth graders are given a writing achievement test in which they are compared to norms for a variety of grade levels.
• B)Mr. Rosenthal's fifth graders are given a mathematics achievement test in which they are compared to a norm group consisting only of fifth graders.
• C)Mr. Huang's eighth graders are given a physical fitness test in which their scores are reported in terms of the percentage of people getting the same or lower score.
• D)Ms. Richard's eighth-grade students are given a history achievement test for which each student's test performance is compared to students at exactly the same age level.

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Definitions:

Underlying Causes

The root or fundamental reasons behind a symptom, problem, or condition, often hidden or not immediately obvious.

Changing Unwanted Behaviors

The process of modifying or eliminating negative behaviors through various techniques like therapy, behavior modification, or self-discipline.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process in psychology where the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Token Economy

A behavior modification system that uses tokens as a form of positive reinforcement for desired behaviors, which can be exchanged for rewards.