The Following Is a Portion of a Patient's Consult Note

question 56

Multiple Choice

The following is a portion of a patient's consult note: Past Medical History: Noncontributory.
Past Surgical History: Balanoplastyfor hypospadias at age 1.
Social History: Doug lives with his parents and older sister. He is going into kindergarten in the fall.
Family History: Paternal grandfather with polycystic kidney disease.
According to the doctor who authored this note, which of the following is true?

• A) The patient has never had any surgeries
• B) The patient has polycystic kidney disease.
• C) The patient is 10 y/o.
• D) The patient's PMHx is not related to this specific problem.
• E) There is not enough information to draw any conclusions.

Understand the difference between theories and hypotheses in research.

Grasp the importance of operational definitions in making abstract concepts measurable.

Identify common biases in research and strategies to minimize them.

Recognize the differences between various research methods (e.g., naturalistic observation, case study, survey research) and their applications.