Because Research Has, Historically, Not Included Sufficient Numbers of Minority

question 122

Multiple Choice

Because research has, historically, not included sufficient numbers of minority group members and women, the National Institutes of Health established a policy requiring the participation of women or minority group members in all research it funded, unless

• A) some clear and compelling rationale exists for not doing so.
• B) women and minority group members have been included in previous research.
• C) the researcher has no particular interest in women or minority group members.
• D) the theory underlying the research suggests there should be no differences related to race or sex.

---

Definitions:

Excess Capacity

A situation where a firm produces at a level less than its maximum output, often resulting in inefficiencies or higher production costs per unit.

Monopolistically Competitive

A market structure where many firms sell products that are similar but not identical, allowing for some degree of market power in setting prices.

Average Total Cost

The total cost of production divided by the number of units produced, indicating the cost per unit of output.

Marginal Cost

The additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of a product or service, an essential concept for understanding optimal production levels and pricing strategies.