Eric Is Conducting a Study in Which He Compares Narcissism

question 79

Multiple Choice

Eric is conducting a study in which he compares narcissism levels in 20-, 40-, and 60-year-olds. He finds that younger people are more narcissistic, and concludes that narcissism weakens as a person ages. A colleague points out to him that perhaps the younger people are more narcissistic not because of their age, but because they were surrounded by social media as they grew up, and that exposure to things like Facebook might be what promotes narcissism rather than youth. The older participants were not exposed to Facebook in their early years. Eric's colleague is raising the possibility of a(n) ____ effect.

• A) placebo
• B) experimental
• C) cohort
• D) longitudinal

---

Definitions:

Total Sum

The aggregate value obtained by adding all the numbers in a set of values.

Observations

Data points or individual pieces of information collected during a study or experiment.

Confidence Interval

A range of values, derived from sample data, that is likely to contain the value of an unknown population parameter at a given confidence level.

Promotional Expenditures

Costs incurred by an entity in marketing and advertising efforts to promote its products, services, or brand.