Gross Malformations That Are Directly Involved with Brain Development Problems

question 108

Multiple Choice

Gross malformations that are directly involved with brain development problems are typically categorized as

• A) formation defects and migratory defects.
• B) initial neural damage and cell defects.
• C) neural pathway interruption and cell pruning.
• D) induction defects and migration defects.

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Definitions:

Citric Acid Cycle

A key metabolic pathway that oxidizes nutrients to produce energy, CO2, and water, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, essential for aerobic respiration.

ATP Synthase

An enzyme complex that generates ATP by catalyzing the phosphorylation of ADP, powered by a proton gradient across a membrane.

Mitochondrial Donation

A medical technique that involves replacing faulty mitochondria with healthy ones from a donor to prevent mitochondrial diseases.