The Development of Electric Trolleys in the Late 19^th Century

question 8

Multiple Choice

The development of electric trolleys in the late 19^th century transformed the American city by

• A) transforming the American city into a compact and communal "walking city."
• B) enabling cities to build upward as well as outward.
• C) separating the mass transportation of the working class from the private vehicles of the wealthy.
• D) enabling cities to plan streets along regular grid lines.
• E) creating distinct districts devoted to residential neighborhoods, commerce, and industry.

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Definitions:

Indirect Manufacturing Costs

Costs related to production that cannot be directly traced to specific products, such as maintenance and utilities.

Contribution Margin

The margin between the income from sales and the costs that vary, pointing out the contribution towards absorbing fixed charges and producing profits.

Variable Manufacturing Costs

Costs of production that fluctuate with the volume of output, including expenses like raw materials and direct labor.

Variable Selling

Costs related to selling activities that vary with sales volume, distinct from fixed sales costs.