What Is the Primary Lesson That Can Be Drawn from the Scandal

question 42

Multiple Choice

What is the primary lesson that can be drawn from the scandal in the Veterans Administration in 2014?

• A) Concerted oversight efforts by Congress can reduce the dangers of agency loss.
• B) A strong president can overcome the tendency of bureaucracies to engage in hidden action.
• C) Implementing a system of tenure review for bureaucrats has improved responsiveness.
• D) The greatest vulnerability of the principals to the agents is an asymmetry in information.

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Definitions:

Rescorla

Associated with the Rescorla-Wagner model of classical conditioning, focusing on the strength of associations between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.

Phobias

Intense, irrational fears of specific objects, activities, or situations that lead to a desire to avoid them.

Classical Conditioning

The practice of learning by frequently pairing two stimuli together; a response first provoked by the second stimulus is later provoked by the first stimulus without the second.

Conditioned Emotional Response

An emotional reaction acquired through classical conditioning, where a previously neutral stimulus is paired with an emotionally charged stimulus.