Identify Two Elements Plaintiffs in § 1983 Actions Against State

question 22

Essay

Identify two elements plaintiffs in § 1983 actions against state and local law enforcement officers have to prove.Identify and describe two limits placed by the U.S.Supreme Court in § 1983 actions against state and local officers.

---

Definitions:

Cilia

Microscopic hair-like structures that extend from the surface of many animal cells, involved in movement and sensory processes.

Micronucleus

A small nucleus that forms whenever a cell undergoes nucleus division, often seen in certain protozoans.

Plasmodial Slime Molds

A type of slime mold consisting of a single, large cell with multiple nuclei, living as a free-flowing plasmodium during part of its life cycle.

Multinucleated Mass

A cell or a body of tissue containing multiple nuclei within a shared cytoplasm, often seen in certain types of muscle fibers and fungal hyphae.