Scenario In the Late 1800s, Charles Darwin and His Son Francis

question 39

Multiple Choice

Scenario
In the late 1800s, Charles Darwin and his son Francis conducted the first experiments on phototropism. Several years later, their work was furthered by Peter Boysen-Jensen, Arpad Paal, and Frits Went. Peter Boysen-Jensen separated the tip of grass shoots from the rest of the plant using either tiny blocks of agar (a gelatin) or a mica wafer (an impervious rock) . Like the Darwins, Boysen-Jensen noticed that the grass did not grow toward a light without its tips. However, when he separated the tip from the rest of the plant using agar, the grass would grow toward a light. The grass would not grow toward a light if the tip of the shoot was separated using a mica wafer. Arpad Paal cut off the tips of grass shoots that were growing in the dark. He placed these cut tips back on the shoots, but with only part of the tip covering the cut surface, and found that the plants grew, in the dark, in the opposite direction from the side with the tip covering it. Lastly, Frits Went removed the tips of many grass shoots and placed them on a large block of agar for a few hours. Then, he cut up the agar block, and was able to make grass shoots without any tips at all grow toward a light by putting these agar blocks on the cut surfaces of the shoots (i.e., no tips were placed back on the shoots, only the agar) .
-Boysen-Jensen also used the mica to separate a tip of a grass shoot only partially, by cutting the tip halfway and inserting a wafer of mica into the cut. If this experiment supported the Darwins' hypothesis, what would Boysen-Jensen have observed?

• A)The grass shoot would not grow toward a light.
• B)The grass shoot would grow toward a light when the mica wafer was on the side of the grass that was facing the light.
• C)The grass shoot would grow toward a light when the mica wafer was on the side of the grass that was shaded from the light.
• D)The grass shoot would grow toward a light no matter which direction the light was coming from.

Comprehend the ethical considerations in psychological research, including informed consent and the use of deception.

Recognize the importance of internal and external validity in research studies.

Grasp the concept of statistical significance and its role in interpreting research findings.

Understand the importance of random sampling in research to ensure generalizability of results.

---

Definitions:

Congruent Validity

A measure of how well a particular test correlates with a previously validated measure.

Internal Consistency

The degree to which different elements of a psychological test or assessment measure the same concept or construct.

Personality Test

An assessment tool designed to reveal aspects of an individual's character or psychological makeup.

Basic Concept

A fundamental idea or principle that serves as the foundation for a system of beliefs or behaviors.