Solved

In October 2017, Scientists Presented Data at the American Society

question 14

Multiple Choice

In October 2017, scientists presented data at the American Society of Anesthesiologists meeting in Boston, MA which suggested that Botox, a drug derived from the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulium, can reduce the number of migraines and their duration as well as the amount of pain experienced during migraine episodes in children and teenagers. The study was completed with nine children between the ages of 8 and 17. Before the study began, the study participants reported having migraines anywhere from 8 and 29.5 days each month, and these episodes lasted 30 minutes-24 hours each. During the study, all participants received Botox injections every 12 weeks for five years; injections were given in both the front and back of the participants' heads and necks. At the end of the five-year study, participants reported suffering from migraines between 2 and 10 days per month, and these episodes lasted 15 minutes-7 hours. Intensity of migraine pain also decreased from pre-study scores between 4 and 8 on a scale of 1-10 (1 being no pain and 10 being terrible pain) to scores of 1.75 to 5 post-study.
As described, what experimental design factor is missing in the Botox study?

Definitions:

Affirmative Action

Policies or measures aimed at increasing opportunities for underrepresented groups in employment, education, and other areas.

Negative Associations

The connection found between two variables that move in opposite directions, where an increase in one leads to a decrease in the other, or vice versa; or the mental connection made by individuals between undesirable experiences and specific objects, concepts, or people.

Bona Fide Occupational Requirement

Entails a condition or qualification that is essential for performing a job, used as a legal defense in discrimination cases if it is reasonably necessary for the operation of the business.

Employment Equity Act

Legislation aimed at eliminating employment barriers and promoting equality within the workplace for women, indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities, and members of visible minorities.