In a Laboratory Experiment, Researchers Treated Pine Seedlings from Puerto

question 53

Multiple Choice

In a laboratory experiment, researchers treated pine seedlings from Puerto Rico with mycorrhizae collected from pine forests in the southeastern United States. Results were favorable for increased seedling growth in the trees treated with mycorrhizae. Suppose when the researchers then tried this same experiment in the field, pine tree seedlings treated with mycorrhizae showed minimal growth differences from the control group. All but one of the listed factors could have contributed to these results. Choose the exception.

• A)Researchers in the lab provided greater nutrient concentrations to the two groups of trees.
• B)Weather conditions in the field were not favorable for tree growth whereas the laboratory environment provided ideal growing conditions.
• C)Mycorrhizae in the laboratory functioned separately from the plant roots.
• D)Researchers planted a large number of seedlings in the laboratory but only a minimal number in the field, so their sample size in the field was not large enough to show a possible effect.

Understand and apply the concept of p-values in hypothesis testing to make informed decisions.

Interpret the results and implications of hypothesis tests in context, including understanding Type I and II errors.

Construct and interpret confidence intervals for population means and proportions, including understanding how sample size and confidence levels affect the width of confidence intervals.

Understand the conditions under which different types of tests (z-tests, t-tests) are appropriate.

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Definitions:

Goblet Cell

A column-shaped cell found in the respiratory and intestinal tracts, which secretes mucus to trap and move pathogens and dirt.

Seromucous Gland

A gland that produces both serous fluid (a watery solution) and mucous (a thicker, protective secretion).