Why Do Cross-Cultural Studies of Memory and Concrete-Operational Thinking Have

question 82

Multiple Choice

Why do cross-cultural studies of memory and concrete-operational thinking have different implications?

• A) Concrete-operations are thought to reflect basic universal mental operations, whereas specific memory strategies are tied to specific task requirements.
• B) Studies of concrete operational thinking with Inuit and Micmac children found that performance on conservation tasks was tied to schooling, while memory strategies were not.
• C) Concrete-operations are tied to specific task requirements, while specific memory strategies are thought to reflect basic universal mental operations.
• D) The implications do not differ because there are great cultural variations in both cognitive abilities.

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Definitions:

Caffeine

A stimulant commonly found in coffee, tea, soda, and chocolates, known to affect the central nervous system by increasing alertness and reducing fatigue.

REM Sleep

A phase of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement, during which vivid dreams commonly occur.

NREM Sleep

Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep, characterized by slower brain waves, minimal dreaming, and deep physical relaxation; constitutes the majority of sleep time.

N2 Sleep

A stage of non-REM sleep characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes, representing a deeper sleep than N1 and precedes the even deeper N3 sleep stage.