Astroturf Lobbying Refers to the Practice Whereby

question 42

Multiple Choice

Astroturf lobbying refers to the practice whereby

• A) members of Congress are influenced by being given free tickets to sporting events or other gifts.
• B) a special interest group simulating a grassroots movement works with well-organized campaigns and petitions.
• C) members of Congress are influenced by large campaign donations.
• D) lobbyists begin to specialize, with narrow areas of professional expertise.
• E) a special interest group pretends to represent the public interest.

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Definitions:

Festinger

Refers to Leon Festinger, a psychologist known for the theory of cognitive dissonance, which explores the discomfort felt when holding conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes.

Cognitive Dissonance

A state of psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes simultaneously.

Discomfort Justification

The process of creating a reason or justification for enduring an unpleasant experience, often to reconcile cognitive dissonance.

Symbolic Self-Completion

A psychological theory suggesting individuals seek to acquire and display symbols that reflect their self-identity, especially when their identity is in question.