Compare and Contrast the Responses of Municipal Governments and Political

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Municipal Government Responses: The tremendous growth of cities spurred municipal governments to undertake massive public works projects, including paving streets, building water and sewer systems, running electric lines, overseeing the construction of facilities for leisure and recreation, and building train tracks and subway lines, all of which were needed to meet the day-to-day needs of increasingly dense urban populations. City governments also created public schools systems and library systems to educate and inform their citizens.
Political Bosses' Responses: Like elected officials, party bosses were critical participants in the city-building process. In return for votes for their chosen candidates, powerful ward bosses like New York's William Marcy Tweed provided services for their constituents, including immigrants and the poor who might not have received these services otherwise.
Reformers' Responses: Despite city bosses' successes at aiding the poor and getting things done, urban reformers objected to their actions because they frequently involved graft and corruption. Reformers saw the bosses as exerting excessive power through their relationships with working-class people at the grassroots and wealthy businesspeople at the top. Reformers wanted to see change and progress in cities, but they believed it should happen through the traditional electoral process.

Compare and Contrast the Responses of Municipal Governments and Political

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