A Therapist Has Hypothesized That a Child Has Learned to Dislike

question 38

Multiple Choice

A therapist has hypothesized that a child has learned to dislike certain foods because she was made to eat them in the presence of cigarette smoke that produced nausea in the child.If such learned aversions occurred,the smoke would have acted as:

• A)an operant.
• B)an unconditioned stimulus.
• C)a negative reinforcement.
• D)a conditioned stimulus.

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Definitions:

Marginal Propensity

The tendency of an individual or population to consume or save an extra unit of income.

Lump-Sum Taxes

Taxes that are a fixed amount, not varying with the income or wealth of the taxpayer, and are paid at one time instead of in installments.

Budget Deficit

A situation where a government's expenditures exceed its revenues during a specified period of time, leading to borrowing or debt accumulation.

Discretionary Fiscal Policy

Government policy involving the use of government spending and taxation levels to influence the economy, based on current conditions.