Major Evolutionary Changes Have Resulted in Anatomical and Physiological Adaptations

question 35

Multiple Choice

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

• A)decreasing the distance for diffusion
• B)increasing the diffusion constant for each gas
• C)increasing the surface area for diffusion
• D)increasing the concentration difference driving diffusion

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Definitions:

Calmodulin

Protein receptor for Ca2+ that plays a role in many Ca2+-regulated processes, such as smooth muscle contraction.

Steroid Hormones

Lipid-soluble molecules derived from cholesterol that regulate a variety of physiological functions including metabolism, inflammation, and sexual function.

Plasma Membrane

The lipid bilayer that surrounds a cell, controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Phosphodiesterase

Enzyme that splits phosphodiester bonds—that is, that breaks down cyclic AMP to AMP.