Based on the Above Diagram and Other Information from Your

question 3

Multiple Choice

Based on the above diagram and other information from your text, what is the most likely (e.g., most parsimonious) explanation for the evolution of flight in vertebrates?

• A)The common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates was wingless and wings evolved independently three different times: in bats, in pterosaurs and in the common ancestor of birds and dinosaurs.
• B)Wings evolved once in vertebrates (e.g., the common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates had wings) and wings were subsequently lost in all but three lineages: bats, pterosaurs and birds.
• C)The common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates was wingless and wings evolved independently three different times: in bats, in pterosaurs and in birds.
• D)The common ancestor of all terrestrial vertebrates was wingless and wings evolved independently two different times: once in bats and once in the common ancestor of birds, pterosaurs and dinosaurs.

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Definitions:

CVP Income Statement

A financial report that analyzes the cost, volume, and profit relationships within a company, emphasizing how sales affect profits.

Variable

An element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change; in the context of finance and economics, it often refers to costs that fluctuate with the level of output or activity.

Fixed-Cost

Expenses that do not change with the level of output or sales, such as rent, salaries, and insurance premiums.

Activity Level

A measure of the amount of work or operations conducted by a business or organization during a specific period.