The Table Shows the Distribution of Traits (A-E) in Six

question 6

Multiple Choice

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data, which species would be considered the outgroup?

• A)1
• B)2
• C)3
• D)4

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Definitions:

Positive Reinforcer

A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a behavior, increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.

Secondary Reinforcer

Any reinforcer that becomes reinforcing after being paired with a primary reinforcer, such as praise, tokens, or gold stars.

Extinction

In psychology, the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Conditioned Fear

A learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral but has been paired with an aversive event.