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An alpha particle has a mass of 6.64 × 10-27 kg and a charge of 3.20 × 10-19 C, and it is traveling at 0.9650c. (c = 3.00 × 108 m/s), 1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J)
(a) What is its rest energy (in GeV)?
(b) What is its total energy (in GeV)?
(c) What is its kinetic energy (in GeV)?
Punishment
A method used to reduce the likelihood of a behavior's recurrence by applying an adverse stimulus or removing a positive stimulus following the behavior.
Punishment
A consequence designed to reduce or eliminate a behavior through negative or unpleasant outcomes.
Operant Technique
A method in behavioral psychology involving reinforcements or punishments to influence the frequency of a behavior.
Positive Reinforcement
The addition of a rewarding stimulus following a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood of its future occurrence.
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