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An electromagnetic flowmeter is useful when it is desirable not to interrupt the system in which the fluid is flowing (such as the blood in an artery during heart surgery) . Such a device is illustrated in the figure. The conducting fluid moves with speed v in a tube of diameter d. Perpendicular to this tube is a magnetic field B. A voltage V is induced between opposite sides of the tube due to the motion of the conducting fluid in the magnetic field. For a certain case, B = 0.120 T, d = 1.2 cm, and the measured voltage is Determine the speed of the fluid.
Positive Punishment
A concept in behaviorism where an undesirable behavior is followed by an unfavorable outcome or stimulus, with the intention of decreasing that behavior.
Negative Reinforcement
A behavioral principle where the removal of an unpleasant stimulus strengthens a behavior or increases its likelihood of being repeated.
Nagging
Persistently annoying or finding fault with someone, often to persuade them to do something.
Clean Room
A controlled environment with a low level of pollutants such as dust, airborne microbes, aerosol particles, and chemical vapors, used in scientific research and manufacturing.
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