In a Study of the Effects of X on Y

question 14

Multiple Choice

In a study of the effects of X on Y, variable Z is confounded with X. Which of the following is true?

• A)X could be causing Y
• B)Z could be causing Y
• C)both alternatives a. and b. are equally possible
• D)none of the above

---

Definitions:

Milgram's Experiment

A series of psychological experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram, which measured people's willingness to obey authority figures, even when actions required harming others.

Authority Structure

The way power and authority are distributed and exercised within an organization or society.

Bureaucratic Inefficiency

signifies the lack of efficiency within administrative systems and organizations, typically resulting in delays and a waste of resources.

Democratic Leadership

A leadership style where decision-making is distributed among the group, allowing for input and participation from group members.