Studies of Aggression Have Sometimes Been Criticized for Developing Questionable

question 36

Multiple Choice

Studies of aggression have sometimes been criticized for developing questionable operational definitions of aggression (e.g., horn honking) . This is primarily a criticism of _________ validity.

• A)internal
• B)construct
• C)external
• D)statistical conclusion

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Definitions:

Histogram

A graphical representation of data that groups numbers into ranges, showing the frequency of data within each range via bars.

Trimmed Mean

A method of averaging that removes a specified percentage of the largest and smallest values before calculating the mean, often used to reduce the effect of outliers.

Bootstrap Standard Error

A measure of the variability or dispersion of a statistic's sampling distribution, estimated using the bootstrap resampling method.

Critical Value

A threshold value in hypothesis testing that defines the boundary of the rejection region; values beyond this indicate statistical significance.