When Changes to the Data Structure Are Made Without Affecting

question 18

Multiple Choice

When changes to the data structure are made without affecting the application programs that process the data, it is referred to as:

• A)data consistency.
• B)data dependence.
• C)data duplication.
• D)data independence.

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Definitions:

Expression Of Gratitude

A demonstration of thanks, appreciation, or acknowledgment, often communicated verbally or in writing.

Bad-News Message

Communication that conveys unfortunate, negative, or undesirable information to the recipient.

Positive Beginning

The act of starting a communication or process in a hopeful, optimistic, or favorable manner.

Unimpactful

Having little or no significant effect or influence.