Examlex
Cook and Campbell (1979) mentioned four threats to internal validity that are not controlled in the nonequivalent group design. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Meat Powder
In classical conditioning research, a substance used by Ivan Pavlov that triggered salivation in dogs as an unconditioned stimulus.
Classical Conditioning
An educational procedure involving the repeated pairing of two stimuli, resulting in a reaction initially caused by the second stimulus being provoked by only the first stimulus over time.
Observational Learning
The process of acquiring knowledge, behaviors, or skills by watching and imitating the actions of others, without direct instruction or personal experience.
Instrumental Learning
Instrumental Learning, also known as Operant Conditioning, is a learning process wherein behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment.
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