Explain How the Following Threats to Internal Validity Could Occur

question 49

Essay

Explain how the following threats to internal validity could occur in a pretest-posttest control-group design: (a) experimental mortality, (b) instrumentation, and (c) diffusion of treatment.

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Definitions:

ANOVA Table

A table used in analysis of variance to summarize the sources of variation and associated statistical tests.

F-ratio

The F-ratio is a statistic used to compare the variance among group means in an ANOVA test, helping determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means of three or more unrelated groups.

P-value

A statistical metric indicating the probability of observing the results of a test, or more extreme, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.

SSE

Sum of Squared Errors, a measure used in statistics to describe the total deviation of predicted values from the actual values in a dataset.