In the Following Study, Participants Were Randomly Assigned to Receive

question 67

Essay

In the following study, participants were randomly assigned to receive humanistic therapy, psychodynamic therapy, or behavioral therapy for their depression. Six months after therapy ended, participants' levels of depression were rated on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all depressed) to 15 (extremely depressed).
$\begin{array}{lcccc}{\text { GROUP }} & \text { N } & \text { MEAN } & \text { STD DEV } & \text { STD ERROR } \\\text { 1 (humanistic) } & 10 & 5.40 & 2.17 & 0.69 \\\text { 2 (psychodynamic) } & 10 & 7.50 & 2.84 & 0.90 \\\text { 3 (behavioral) } & 10 & 5.60 & 3.13 & 0.99\end{array}$


ONEWAY ANOVA: THERAPY bY DEPRESSION
$\begin{array} { l c c c c c } & \text { SUM OF } & & \text { MEAN } & & \\ \text { SOURCE } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { DF } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { F RATIO } & \text { PROB. } \\ & & & & & \\ \text { BETWEEN GROUPS } & 26.87 & 2 & 13.73 & 1.78 & .187 \\ \text { WTHIN GROUPS } & 203.30 & 27 & 7.53 & & \\ \text { TOTAL } & 230.17 & 29 & & & \end{array}$

POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05
* Indicates significant differences shown for pairings

$\begin{array}{lll}G & G & G \\r & r & r \\p & p & p \\1 & 2 & 3\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}\text { Mean}& \text { THERAPY }\\5.40 & \text { Grp 1 } \\7.50 & \text { Grp 2 } \\5.60 & \text { Grp 3 }\end{array}$

-What is the independent variable in this study?

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Definitions:

France

A country in Western Europe known for its rich history, cultural influence, and significant contributions to art, philosophy, and science.

Exclusive representation

In labor relations, the sole and exclusive right of a union to represent all workers in a defined bargaining unit, including non-union members, in negotiations with the employer over wages, hours, and other terms of employment.

French law

The legal system of France, which includes principles and laws applicable within the French territory, covering various aspects like civil, commercial, employment, and administrative law.

Collective bargaining

The process by which labor unions and employers negotiate contracts regarding wages, hours, benefits, and working conditions in an effort to reach a mutually acceptable agreement.