The Criteria for Being Included as a Participant in the Study

question 44

Essay

The criteria for being included as a participant in the study was as follows: (a) have a telephone, (b) be 18 years of age or older, (c) live in the contiguous 48 states, and (d) speak English. Do you think the authors obtained a random sample of such individuals? Why or why not?

---

Definitions:

Information Overload

A condition in which a person cannot process all the messages he or she receives.

Informative Messages

Communications aimed at delivering facts, data, and knowledge to educate or inform the audience.

Selective

Characterized by careful choice; involving the selection of the best or most suitable.

Positive Message

A positive message conveys optimism, encouragement, or good news, aiming to uplift the receiver's spirits or provide affirmative feedback.