Explain the Situational (Contingency) Theories

question 28

Essay

Explain the Situational (Contingency) theories. Be sure to include which three things makes up a leadership situation.

Describe the process and significance of parthenogenesis in certain species.

Identify and describe the structures involved in human reproduction and their functions.

Explain the mechanisms that generate genetic diversity in sexually reproducing animals.

Understand the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of asexual reproduction in animals.

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Definitions:

Partial Reinforcement

A conditioning strategy where only a portion of responses are reinforced, making the learned behavior more resistant to extinction.

Higher-Order Conditioning

A process in classical conditioning by which a stimulus that already elicits a conditioned response is used as a conditioned stimulus to condition a response to a new stimulus.

Latent Learning

Learning that occurs without any obvious reinforcement or immediate demonstration of the learned behavior or knowledge, becoming apparent only when a situation calls for it.

Observational Learning

A learning process where individuals learn new behaviors or information by watching the actions of others.